Camps Nos. 10 and 41 of Rochambeau's Army, located in Newtown, Connecticut, are nationally significant historical and archaeological sites associated with the march of the French expeditionary force under the command of the General Comte de Rochambeau during the American Revolutionary War. Camp No. 10 was occupied between June 28 and July 1, 1781, as Rochambeau's army marched south to join General George Washington's forces for the Yorktown Campaign, which ultimately secured American independence. Camp No. 41 was utilized on the return march in late October 1782, as the victorious French troops headed eastward toward Boston to embark for the West Indies. Together, these encampments represent critical nodes along the Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route, illustrating the massive logistical effort required to move thousands of French soldiers, artillery, and supply wagons through the New England countryside.

The site is exceptionally significant for its high level of archaeological integrity and its ability to yield invaluable information regarding late 18th-century military life. Unlike many other campsites along the route that have been lost to modern development, the Newtown sites retain undisturbed areas that contain physical evidence of the encampments, such as fire pits, refuse heaps, and artifact assemblages including French military buttons, coins, and accoutrements. These remains provide a rare, tangible window into the daily lives, diet, and material culture of the French soldiers who played a pivotal role in the success of the American Revolution. Today, the camps stand as an enduring monument to the crucial Franco-American alliance that shaped the birth of the United States.