The Osborn Site, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, is a premier archaeological resource located in the fertile West Fork of the White River valley in Greene County, Indiana. This prehistoric habitation site chiefly dates to the Late Woodland and Mississippian periods, serving as a vital representative of the region's late prehistoric cultural landscape, particularly associated with the Oliver phase. Archaeological investigations and surface surveys at the site have yielded a rich assemblage of diagnostic materials, including distinctive grit-tempered pottery, lithic tools, and floral and faunal remains, which together paint a vivid picture of the domestic life, technological prowess, and artistic expressions of the area's indigenous inhabitants.

Highly significant under Criterion D for its potential to yield information important to prehistory, the Osborn Site offers invaluable insights into the social dynamics, subsistence patterns, and settlement systems of southwestern Indiana. The site's preservation allows researchers to examine the complex cultural interactions and transitions that occurred as localized Late Woodland traditions integrated with broader Mississippian cultural traits. Through the analysis of its well-preserved subsurface features, such as storage pits, hearths, and post mold patterns, the Osborn Site remains a crucial benchmark for understanding the socio-political organization, population movements, and environmental adaptations of Native American communities prior to European contact.